More Than Just Bulging Veins: The Hidden Dangers of Varicose Veins

More Than Just Bulging Veins: The Hidden Dangers of Varicose Veins

Varicose veins, commonly known as twisted or bulging leg veins, are a condition caused by a chronic blood vessel disorder known as Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI).

This condition occurs when the valves inside the veins become weak or damaged, causing blood that should flow back to the heart to reverse direction and pool within the veins. As a result, the veins become visibly swollen, twisted, and appear bluish or dark purple, particularly around the legs and ankles.

Although many have heard of or experienced varicose veins, public awareness of the seriousness of this condition remains low, especially among women. Many assume it is merely a cosmetic issue, when in fact, untreated varicose veins can lead to more serious complications.

Who Is at Risk of Developing Varicose Veins?

Women have an almost five times higher risk compared to men.

Factors that increase the risk among women include:

• Pregnancy
• Aging
• Obesity
• Genetic
• Occupations that require prolonged standing, such as teachers, hawkers, cooks, factory operators, flight crew, and healthcare workers including nurses and medical officers

Signs and Symptoms of Varicose Veins

Common symptoms include:

• Swelling of the legs and ankles
• A feeling of heaviness, aching, or pain that worsens with prolonged standing
• Thickening of the skin or skin discoloration around the ankles
• Small wounds that are slow to heal, especially on the inner ankle
• Dry, itchy, or flaky skin (stasis dermatitis)

How Are Varicose Veins Examined and Diagnosed?

Clinical assessment and identification of risk factors in individuals showing symptoms of varicose veins are crucial in determining appropriate and accurate treatment.

Comprehensive medical history-taking and a detailed description of symptoms can contribute up to 80% accuracy in diagnosing varicose veins. A thorough, simple, and painless physical examination can be performed by a qualified doctor, usually a General Surgeon or Vascular Surgeon.

The key investigation required is a bilateral duplex ultrasound of the legs, which evaluates the structure and function of both superficial and deep venous valves. This ultrasound is painless and non-invasive. It is essential for detecting venous reflux and identifying the presence of blood clots (venous thrombosis).

In certain cases, a CT Venogram may be required to obtain more detailed images of the venous system.

Treatment Options for Varicose Veins

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the doctor’s assessment.

Available treatment options include:

Graduated Compression Stockings

These help improve blood circulation and reduce swelling. The elastic stockings apply pressure to the ankles and lower legs. Different pressure levels are available and should be selected based on medical advice.

Medications

Phlebotonic medications may help reduce symptoms in mild cases. They are usually used together with compression stockings for better results.

Modern Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatments

Advanced technologies such as Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) allow damaged veins to be treated without large incisions.

Advantages include:

• No significant scarring
• Patients can recover and return to normal activities within two days
• Procedures are effective, minimally painful, and carry a low risk of complications

Laser treatments can address the full spectrum of varicose vein disease, from early stages to severe cases involving skin ulcers (venous ulcers).

Complications If Left Untreated

Untreated varicose veins may lead to:

• Spontaneous bleeding due to vein rupture
• Open wounds (venous ulcers) that are difficult to heal
• Skin infections (cellulitis)
• Inflammation of veins (phlebitis)
• Skin discoloration, dryness, and itchiness

These complications are more likely in patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, or those taking blood-thinning medications.

Conclusion

Although varicose veins are not life-threatening, they can significantly affect a person’s quality of life and productivity.

Physical effects such as pain, swelling, and chronic wounds can also impact emotional well-being and lead to stress if left untreated.

Early awareness and timely treatment by a specialist are essential to prevent complications and ensure faster recovery with minimal risk.

With today’s modern medical technology, varicose veins are no longer a burden — provided treatment is sought at the right time.

Article by, 

Dr. Kamalbarathi N.Barathilingam
Consultant General Surgeon

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